Technological innovation has had a profound impact on the way we live, communicate, and work. The dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has opened immense opportunities but also created significant challenges. Questions about cybersecurity, disinformation, and privacy, for example, vex businesses, governments, and private citizens alike. A different set of issues are related to the sheer size, reach, and power of the companies that comprise Big Tech and how to deal with them.

Being a large corporation, and being in the vanguard of a far-reaching and ever-expanding industry, is, by itself, neither good nor bad, but it will often lead to increased scrutiny. In some instances, this might result in attempts to either block certain companies from entering a market, or, alternatively, make it more difficult for them to operate in it. In 2015, for example, President Obama alluded to this when he accused the European Union of digital protectionism in its investigations of American tech companies— “[i]n defense of Google and Facebook, sometimes the European response … is more commercially driven than anything else.” But to chalk scrutiny of large tech companies and their business practices up to mere protectionism would miss the mark. The many benefits of modern technology notwithstanding, there are powerful economic factors within digital markets that limit competition and stifle innovation, and as a result can hurt consumers.

Concerns about Big Tech are also not confined to Europe. In fact, there seems to be a growing consensus in both the United States and the European Union of the need to, at a minimum, explore ways to check certain actions and the broader influence of the largest tech companies.

To be sure, there are differences in how Big Tech is viewed in the United States and Europe. At a basic level, many Europeans are viscerally suspicious of the market and the power of big corporations. This clearly also applies to the tech sector, as evidenced by a poll conducted in the run-up to the European Parliament elections last year. Fully 64 percent of voters thought that the European Union had been too lax in its regulation of U.S. tech giants. By contrast, most Americans believe in the power of the market to self-correct and are warier of government overreach. Whether consciously or not, it is hardly a stretch to assume that these different attitudes inform thinking about competition policy and enforcement decisions on both sides of the Atlantic.

The focus of this article is on single-firm conduct, and the transatlantic divide over how best to use antitrust and competition policy to navigate this bodog casino new and exciting world. Section 2 looks at what makes Big Tech unique from an antitrust perspective. Section 3 provides an overview of U.S. and EU competition law as it relates to single-firm conduct, as well as their respective institutional structures. Section 4 assumes a more prospective posture, looking at possible future trends and what steps Big Tech can take to protect its own interests in this environment.

To read the full article please click here.

©2020 by the American Bar Association.  Reprinted with permission.  All rights reserved.  This information or any or portion thereof may not be copied or disseminated in any form or by any means or stored in an electronic database or retrieval system without the express written consent of the American Bar Association.

Use of the Requested Material is limited to the one-time use as described above, and does not include the right to license this Requested Material, individually or as it appears in your publication, or to grant others permission to photocopy or otherwise reproduce this material.  Permission is granted to make versions for use by blind or physically handicapped persons, provided that no fees are charged.

Use of the Requested Material is granted on a non-exclusive basis and is valid throughout the world in the English language only.

If any material in the Requested Material credits another source, then you must obtain authorization from that original source.

Permission is limited solely to the text portion of the Requested Material. If any photographs, illustrations, cartoons, advertisements, etc. appear in conjunction with the Requested Material, those portions should be blocked out before reproduction, as well as text from other articles.

The reproduction of the ABA logo and/or section logos is strictly prohibited, as is the reproduction of covers and mastheads of ABA publications

The post bodog online casino|Welcome Bonus_Young Trade Professionals appeared first on bodog.

In this new report from the Scowcroft Center’s Transatlantic Security Initiative, Cyber Statecraft Initiative senior fellow Kenneth Geers argues that the best way for democratic states to defend their own cyber networks is to leverage the multinational strength of political and military alliances like NATO and the European Union. Alliances like NATO give democracies an advantage over their authoritarian rivals by providing already established mechanisms for multinational cooperation. Alliances are therefore better equipped to tackle the inherently international challenges of cybersecurity.  

bodog casino To illustrate the impact of alliances on cybersecurity, Geers uses events in Ukraine as a case study, comparing the Ukrainian government’s efforts to defend against Russian cyberattacks shortly after the 2014 revolution with measures taken in cooperation with partners to defend the 2019 presidential election. Geers illustrates how collective action in 2019 produced improved security outcomes compared to efforts taken by Ukraine alone. Building on these lessons, Geers argues that the only structures likely to produce tangible results in cybersecurity are those within political and military alliances. Indeed, the only credible cyber superpower is a robust alliance. The report then offers a series of recommendations on how NATO and the EU can promote trust and collaboration among Allies and partners to build a more effective cyber alliance.  

To view the full report at Atlantic Council, please click here

The post Bodog Poker|Welcome Bonus_Trade Association appeared first on bodog.

Economies with already strong underlying information technology are proving to be more resilient than those without this infrastructure already in place.  At a recent event, I listened to officials from Cambodia and Kenya explain how their strong digital track records are paying off during the current crisis.

In Cambodia, which had previously established an enabling regulatory environment around digital financial services, citizens were already accustomed to sending and receiving payments digitally, making it possible for the government to add tax functionality on to the pre-existing digital payment platforms. Similarly, in Kenya, citizens’ relative comfort with digital payments led to a recent uptick in the use of its e-tax system. The Kenya Revenue Authority has also been able to rely on its digital systems to obtain real-time data on emergency-related shifts in consumer spending, which helps the agency to predict the impact on revenues.

But the type of digital transformation necessary to get to this level is comparable to moving a boulder to the top of a mountain. It’s a long, arduous process, and it’s possible to lose footing along the way. Many economies, especially developing countries, rely on deeply entrenched systems and fight an uphill battle when it comes to public trust. In fact, many of the world’s lowest-income economies struggle to collect enough taxes to cover basic state functions. Add a global crisis into the mix and these tenuous relationships between taxman and citizen are likely to fall apart.

The current crisis provides an opportune moment to rework revenue strategies bodog casino to be more digitally driven.  Tax administrations must shift the focus from simply processing taxpayers’ data to proactively improving compliance, policies, and efficiency. Modern revenue strategies will, to a large extent, have to run on digital platforms because they are necessary to effectively pursuing critical policy objectives such as:

• Broadening the tax base. Data-centric approaches can be used to close gaps and take advantage of missed opportunities without necessarily increasing the level of taxation. Such measures include: requiring e-commerce platforms to report sales in order to facilitate the collection of VAT and customs duties; analyzing past tax filings of citizens seeking relief under current stimulus programs to verify compliance; and supporting the collection of property taxes by matching the land registry with the taxpayer file.
• Enhancing transparency and trust. Establishing electronic platforms for tax registration, filing, payment, and dispute resolution make processes clear for citizens, provide assurances that tax payments end up in an actual government account, and reduce the risk of officials abusing their discretion. Implementation of technologies such as the MIT-incubated OPAL (Open Algorithm) provides researches, think tanks, or any citizen the ability to independently analyze tax data without having access to personally identifiable information. This will provide unprecedented transparency.
• Reducing the compliance burden. We know from a survey of 190 economies that it is getting easier for people and businesses to pay taxes. There are now 106 economies using electronic filing systems, double the number in 2004. Digital technology is reducing the time spent on paying taxes as well as the total number of individual payments taxpayers must make each year.
• Improving administrative efficiency. As governments mature in their use of information technology, they will be able to achieve substantial efficiency gains. For countries beginning their digital transformation, AI-enabled data capture of paper-based records can speed up the digitalization and reliability of the data. Others find significant value through the simplification of procedures and matching of filing information with third-party data sets. For more advanced tax administrations, the use of advanced analytics to identify underreporting will be a key value driver. In the current crisis, some administrations are also rethinking their balance between offsite and onsite audits.
• Advancing growth and other policy objectives. As the central depository of citizen data, tax administrations play an increasing role in advancing non-tax related objectives. For example, by using taxpayer data to: verify beneficiaries under cash transfer programs, monitor the consumption of goods with detrimental health impacts (e.g., alcohol and cigarettes), model tax policy responses to curb carbon emissions, identify growth drivers in the economy, detect labor market violations, and ascertain the well-being of vulnerable groups in society.

Progress toward these objectives has been uneven and the World Bank cannot get this “modernization boulder” to the top of the mountain alone. To help countries accelerate digital transformation, we need partners with multidisciplinary expertise bodog casino who can help pull while we push. To that end, we co-founded the Prosperity Collaborative. This new multi-stakeholder initiative is dedicated to helping countries create better tax systems through innovative technology. Together with EY, New America, MIT and the Boston Global Forum, we are just getting started on a journey to bring tangible benefits to developing countries.  Our current priorities are –

• Developing global solutions to build capacity among developing countries and emerging market to undertake a successful digital transformation of their tax administrations;
• Promoting thought leadership on tax and technology;
• Exploring the creation of a mechanism to identify, prioritize, fund, and implement digital public goods for use by tax administrations;

By bringing these leading organizations together under the banner of the Prosperity Collaborative, we aim to create solutions that are well-targeted and easily replicable across different country contexts. Ultimately, we aim to create digital public goods that can be built once and deployed anywhere.

To view the original World Bank Blog post, please click here

The post bodog sportsbook review|Most Popular_by using taxpayer appeared first on bodog.

• Summary of tax measures implemented, proposed and announced in response to the challenges arising from the digitalized economy
• Country-specific details
• OECD milestones
• EU milestones

To view the original report, click here.

The post Bodog Poker|Welcome Bonus_About the appeared first on bodog.

Digital data can be recorded, stored, compressed or transferred without any loss of information and quality. The enhancement of these characteristics has been essential for the development of computing, to the point that the term digital has entered into everyday language to generically refer to computer science applications. The development of ever more sophisticated algorithms, combining this data through calculation, makes it easier to solve problems previously considered as too complex.

The continuously improving power of microprocessors is reducing calculation times. The implementation of common protocols to easily exchange data between computers is redefining the concept of connectivity between people. Information, commands and stimuli are circulating in ever greater numbers and dramatically changing how complex systems interact and operate.

Digital technology: a political issue

Therefore, the trend of long-distance communication, which started with writing and continued with the printing press, telegraph, telephone and radio, carries on.

The digital revolution is dramatically changing large areas of human activity. It is shaping globalization by changing the distances between people. Transport, logistics, energy distribution, international finance and critical infrastructure bodog poker review management systems could not function without its applications. The volume of email exchanges is also impressive: 44.7 billion SMS and MMS messages were sent in France in the first quarter of 2018. As of 12 August 2019, more than 45,584 billion emails had been shared worldwide since the beginning of the year.

In the military field, the most advanced armies have integrated battlefield digitalization into their thinking. Military headquarters operate in a more decentralized way, taking advantage of the resources provided by computerization, materializing the advent of a “revolution in military matters”.

From a cultural point of view, games are played on a network. The most talented players earn their living by participating in media tournaments. Special effects are pervading cinema screens, bringing artificial universes to life. A digital culture is emerging.

Digital technology is at the heart of economic, military and cultural issues. It has entered into the everyday life of all people connected to the Internet worldwide. It provides resources in terms of wealth, power, control of society and privacy. For example, Denmark, which is aware of these issues, appointed a Tech Ambassador in 2017. It is legitimate to talk about digital power.
What is power?

Defining the concept of power is a challenge. Common sense accepts that “power” on the international stage is the equivalent of “authority” within societies. However, such an understanding is of limited use. The national and international stages operate under different rules. Authors seeking to understand it acknowledge that it is one of the most controversial terms in international relations.

However, two major themes regularly recur in discussions. The first attempts to make this concept operative. If power exists, it must be possible to define its components and assess them, to measure them in order to act rationally. In this context, power has long been reduced by the realist school to geographical location and to the sum of military, demographic or economic resources.

The most intangible components, such as national pride, the quality of staff and policy, could also count. This accountable and analytical approach, however, is criticized insofar as it only reveals the potential of power. If a state actor does not combine them effectively, it does not guarantee any results. The Soviet Union had many of these advantages, but collapsed without fighting.

Another theme often recurs in discussions on the nature of power. Power is what decides the outcome of the interaction between two state entities or actors in the international system. It no longer refers to a potential, but “to taking action”. In a seminal article, Robert Dahl defines it as: “A has power over B to the extent that A can get B to do something that B would not have otherwise done”.

Power restricts, but not necessarily in a violent way. It can be exercised through seduction, rather than by the brute imposition of will. Finally, power corresponds to an actor’s ability to change the behavior of other actors on the international stage in a favorable direction.

What is digital power?

How can we describe digital power, sometimes called cyberpower, in this context? We will consider digital power as any actor’s ability to exploit digital data to help change the behavior of other actors on the bodog online casino international stage and to achieve its own ends.
It extends beyond the conventional state framework and reconfigures the standard categories, since all connected actors are theoretically likely to have a part in it.

Furthermore, the sources of digital power lie in the exploitation of a synthetic environment and data. This study aims to understand how “intangible” power manages to influence events in the real world and to describe its potential, its applications, and its restrictions.

Digital power transforms the real world through enhancing cyberspace’s network properties (1) and new practices of domination that are imposed on it (2). Its components can be deduced from this (3). However, it is likely that its exercise will be changed in the future through a more assertive, proactive approach by actors in the real world (4). Finally, it is like a kaleidoscope, with several aspects whose coordination sometimes generates considerable tension.

To view the full report, click here.

The post Bodog Poker|Welcome Bonus_between appeared first on bodog.